UASB工艺处理高浓度Vc生产废水的试验研究

采用UASB反应器对高浓度Vc生产废水进行了实验室处理研究。试验结果表明:Vc废水的厌氧处理运行性能因水质不同而存在很大差异。转化母液的容积负荷在8kg COD.m-3d-1以下时,去除率基本稳定在65%以上。当负荷继续提高时,去除率会急剧下降并保持在50%左右。精制母液和提取母液的容积负荷在10kgCOD.m-3d-1时去除率仍能稳定在70%以上。这些表明当两套反应系统的容积负荷控制在一定范围时,UASB反应器可以有效去除大部分的有机污染物。同时也说明转化母液废水中存在相当数量的难生物降解化合物。GC/MS水质分析结果表明,其中含有大量10C以上的长直链或双苯环等结构的难生物降解物。系统中厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性随着反应器中污泥驯化的进行和负荷的增加而上升。     

二相UASB反应器中产酸颗粒污泥和产甲烷颗粒污泥的物理性质和化学成分

本文对二相UASB反应器中产酸和产甲烷颗粒污泥的物理性质和化学成分进行了初步的研究。结果表明:(1)二种颗粒污泥均具有良好的沉降性能,并且产酸颗粒污泥的湿密度、强度和稳定性均优于产甲烷颗粒污泥。(2)二种颗粒污泥的表面元素基本相同,但内部Ca,Si含量相差较大,并且均未发现有FeS存在。(3)产酸和产甲烷颗粒污泥中胞外多聚物(ECP)的含量分别为0.57％和1.46％(以污泥干重计)。ECP中的主要成分为糖和糖醛酸。     

胞外多聚物在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用研究

本文研究了胞外多聚物(ECP)在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用。试验采用小试UASB反应器,以人工葡萄糖配水作为进料。测定结果表明,在颗粒污泥培养过程中,随着颗粒污泥的形成、生长和成熟,污泥ECP含量逐渐下降,从开始的6.36减小到30mg/gVSS。当反应器酸化、污泥性能变差或运行不稳定时,ECP含量则表现为急剧上升,达70mg/gVSS。这些结果说明污泥颗粒化过程中ECP所起的作用不大。对有关ECP的影响及作用机理,以及污泥颗粒化机制,文章进行了分析讨论。     

UASB反应器三相分离器的设计方法

气固液三相分离器是UASB反应器的重要构成部分。本文提出了一整套三相分离器的设计方法,提供了一些设计参数,并且介绍了三相分离器的设计实例。     

固定膜双层薄板反应器去除苯酚研究

将顶盖能透紫外光的盒子内部分隔成多个互连廊道,廊道侧壁和底部装填以采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的TiO2／玻璃纤维网高活性催化剂,研制成结构简单新型固定膜双层薄板光催化反应器。对低浓度苯酚的研究结果表明,该装置具有良好的传质效果,当循环流量大于24mL/s时,即可有效克服传质限制作用。苯酚的降解呈表观一级反应,表观动力学常数随着初始浓度的增加而变小,随着光强的增强而增大。固定膜光催化反应速率可以达到1g／L TiO2悬浆催化体系的1／2。     

塞流式沼气池气动搅拌装置的研究

针对我国现存塞流式沼气池结构简单、产气效率低、无气动搅拌装置的问题,设计了一种强制回流沼气搅拌装置。该装置利用小功率电动风机,把沼气池内新鲜沼气重新打回到沼气池中。该装置已在山西阳泉牛家峪村沼气工程中投入使用。通过16次配对比较试验,结果表明:当搅拌装置每天搅拌10min时,沼气池产气效率可提高38%～100%。与国内现有的气动搅拌相比,本气动搅拌装置动力强、耐腐蚀、操作简单。     

Water quality dynamics and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in intensive, mesohaline culture systems with two levels of biofloc management

A dense microbial community develops in the water column of intensive, minimal-exchange production systems and is responsible for nutrient cycling. A portion of the microbial community is associated with biofloc particles, and some control over the concentration of these particles has been shown to provide production benefits. To help refine the required degree of control, this study evaluated the effects of two levels of biofloc management on water quality and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in commercial-scale culture systems. Eight, 50 m³ raceways were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: T-LS (treatment-low solids) and T-HS (treatment-high solids), each with four replicate raceways. Settling chambers adjacent to the T-LS raceways had a volume of 1700 L with a flow rate of 20 L min⁻¹. The T-HS raceways had 760 L settling chambers with a flow rate of 10 L min⁻¹. Raceways were stocked with 250 shrimp m⁻³, with a mean individual weight of 0.72 g, and shrimp were grown for thirteen weeks. Raceways in the T-LS treatment had significantly reduced total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and turbidity compared to the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.003). The T-LS raceways also had significantly lower nitrite and nitrate concentrations, and the T-HS raceways had significantly lower ammonia and phosphate concentrations (P ≤ 0.021). With the exception of nitrate, there were no significant differences between the change in concentration of water quality parameters entering and exiting the settling chambers in the T-LS versus the T-HS treatment. Nitrate never accumulated appreciably in the T-LS raceways, possibly due to denitrification in the settling chambers, bacterial substrate limitations in the raceways, or algal nitrate assimilation. However, in the T-HS raceways nitrate did accumulate. The T-HS settling chambers returned a significantly lower nitrate concentration and significantly greater alkalinity concentration than what entered them (P ≤ 0.005), indicating that denitrification may have occurred in those chambers. There were no significant differences in shrimp survival, feed conversion ratio, or final biomass between the two treatments. However, shrimp in the T-LS treatment grew at a significantly greater rate (1.7 g wk⁻¹ vs. 1.3 g wk⁻¹) and reached a significantly greater final weight (22.1 g vs. 17.8 g) than shrimp in the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.020). The results of this study demonstrate engineering and management decisions that can have important implications for both water quality and shrimp production in intensive, minimal-exchange culture systems.     

国内河流反应器的水质净化情况研究进展

运用河流反应器的概念,将河流反应器划分为水环境、水建筑物和河流生态系统3个部分,讨论了河流反应器各组成部分在污染河流治理中的作用和研究进展,阐明了各治理方法的现有理论成果和取得的实际效果,也指出了各理论亟待解决的问题,对未来受污染河流的治理工作有一定的借鉴意义。     

用于连续制备乳清蛋白ACE抑制肽的酶膜反应器运行条件优化

采用中空纤维膜连续型酶膜反应器制备血管紧张素转移酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制多肽。在传统酶解工艺条件的基础上,设计出能高效连续制备ACE抑制肽的酶膜反应器,并对此酶膜反应器的运行参数进行了优化,得到能高效制备ACE乳清蛋白源抑制肽的运行条件是:循环流速22.4 L/h,底物质量分数5%,跨膜压力0.07 MPa,酶膜反应器能稳定运行12 h以上,得到乳清蛋白酶解产物的ACE抑制率为30%￣50%。